Kathmandu, Jan 15 – While few remain who recall the devastation of the 1934 earthquake in Nepal, the memories of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake still resonate strongly with the current generation. The recent tremors originating in Tibet, which shook Kathmandu and surrounding areas, served as a stark reminder of the ever-present earthquake risks.
Marking the tragic anniversary of the 1934 earthquake that struck Nepal at 2:24 PM on January 15, the nation observes Earthquake Safety Day annually. Initiated in 1999, this day aims to promote awareness and preparedness for seismic disasters. To ensure its effectiveness, the Earthquake Safety Day Directive 2071 was introduced, providing a cohesive national framework for observance.
This year, the 27th Earthquake Safety Day is being celebrated nationwide under the theme, “Learning from Earthquakes: Strong Structures and Preparedness for Resilience.” The Department of Urban Development and Building Construction has organized various programs to amplify public awareness and assess past efforts while identifying areas for improvement.
Lessons from the Past
Machakaji Maharjan, Director-General of the department, emphasized the critical need for robust preparations and earthquake-resistant structures. “The key lesson from past earthquakes is the importance of mitigating seismic risks,” he noted. “Our buildings must be designed to withstand earthquakes, and this day serves as an opportunity to enhance public awareness, evaluate previous initiatives, and address shortcomings.”
Maharjan also highlighted the need to strictly enforce the National Building Code and prepare for post-disaster scenarios with skilled rescue teams and readily available relief measures.
Reducing Risks Through Preparedness
Dr. Lokvijay Adhikari, Senior Seismologist at the National Seismological Centre, stressed that enhancing public knowledge about earthquake safety—such as dos and don’ts during an earthquake and ways to remain calm—can significantly reduce potential damage and loss of life. He urged the prioritization of early warning systems and disaster preparedness mechanisms.
Challenges in Reconstruction
Despite advancements, gaps in disaster preparedness remain evident. In Jajarkot, earthquake victims are yet to receive complete relief and rehabilitation. Dr. Dharmaraj Upreti, a disaster management expert, highlighted that the lack of preparation exacerbates suffering during disasters. “Many victims are still living in temporary shelters due to delays in aid distribution,” he said.
The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority (NDRRMA)estimates that rebuilding 95,787 private homes and other structures damaged by disasters like earthquakes and landslides will require an investment of NPR 101.12 billion.
Commitment to Resilient Structures
Dr. Ramesh Guragai, Acting Executive Director of the National Society for Earthquake Technology, Nepal (NSET), emphasized the need for earthquake-resistant construction across all municipalities. “Only 50 local governments have implemented the Building Code so far,” he pointed out. “While earthquakes are unpredictable, preparedness, including retrofitting existing structures and adhering to standards, is our best defense.”
Engineer Amit Prasad Timalsena echoed this sentiment, urging stringent enforcement of building standards. “Many buildings do not comply with the code, and robust monitoring is essential,” he said.
Moving Forward
In a significant step, the NDRRMA announced that reconstruction agreements with beneficiaries will commence today, following approval of reconstruction and rehabilitation plans during the 16th National Disaster Council meeting last Sunday. The Finance Ministry and related agencies have been directed to expedite fund allocations to support these efforts.
As Nepal marks another Earthquake Safety Day, the call for national and individual commitment to seismic safety remains critical. The focus is clear: prepare, build resiliently, and ensure collective efforts to mitigate the devastating impacts of future earthquakes.